英语六级听力短文听写解题原则

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关于六级短文听力
  1、 结构:三篇文章,要求考生在四个选项中选出最符合原文的答案。每题1分,共10分(占710分中的10%)。
  2、难度:难度年年上升,考生失分的重灾区。短文部分由三篇文章构成,内容题材极为广泛,不仅考察学生的理解能力,而且还有对信息的短期记忆能力和思维能力。
  3、基本规则:视听基本一致原则(根本原则);
  顺序出题原则(即题目顺序和文章内容的进展是对应的);
  首尾句原则(即首句和尾句处容易出题);
  同义替换原则(选项的单词和短语是原文中的同义或近义)
  重点词汇考点原则 (转折关系词汇、因果关系词汇、最高级词汇、情态动词
  等词汇的后方信息更容易成为答案)
  例题分析:2007年12月第一篇短文听力(听力音频请见网站音频链接)
  26. A)To win over the majority of passengers from airlines in twenty years.
  B)To reform railroad management in western European countries.
  C)To electrify the railway lines between major European cities.
  D)To set up an express train network throughout Europe.
  27. A)Major European airlines will go bankrupt.
  B)Europeans will pay much less for traveling.
  C)Traveling time by train between major European cities will be cut by half.
  D)Trains will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe.
  28. A)Train travel will prove much more comfortable than air travel.
  B)Passengers will feel much safer on board a train than on a plane.
  C)Rail transport will be environmentally friendlier than air transport.
  D)Traveling by train may be as quick as,or even quicker than by air.
  29. A)In 1981. C)In 1990.
  B)In 1989. D)In 2000.
  In January 1989, the Community of European Railways presented their proposal for a high speed pan-European train network extending from Sweden to Sicily, and from Portugal to Poland by the year 2020. (第26题考点。注意train network在选项中反映)If their proposal becomes a reality, it will revolutionize train travel in Europe. Journeys between major cities will take half the time they take today.(第27题考点,注意half在选项中的反映) Brussels will be only one and a half hours from Paris. The quickest way to get from Paris to Frankfurt, from Barcelona to Madrid will be by train, not plane. When the network is complete, it will integrate three types of railway line: totally new high speed lines with trains operating at speeds of 300 kilometers per hour, upgraded lines which allow for speeds up to 200 to 225 kilometers per hour, and existing lines for local connections and distribution of freight. If businesspeople can choose between a three-hour train journey from city-center to city-center and a one-hour flight, they’ll choose the train, says an executive travel consultant. They won’t go by plane any more. If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, you’ll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first.(第28题考点。说明短途的火车的优势大于短途的飞机。请注意此处strike的含义为“罢工”) Since France introduced the first 260-kilometer-per-hour high speed train service between Paris and Lyons in 1981(第29题考点。), the trains have achieved higher and higher speeds. On many routes, airlines have lost up to 90% of their passengers to high speed trains. If people accept the Community of European Railways’ plan, the 21 century will be the new age of the train.
  26. What is the proposal presented by the Community of European Railways?
  27. What will happen when the proposal becomes a reality?
  28. Why will business people prefer a three-hour train journey to a one-hour flight?
  29. When did France introduce the first high speed train service?
  Keys:DCDA
  分析:
  这是一篇标准的六级短文听力,词汇、主题、深度都要比四级高,但是破题方法却如出一辙。
  第26题:
  本题是首题,所以当然对应原文的首句。除了视听一致的使用外,原文中的high speed pan-European train network(泛欧洲高速火车网)被选项替换成了express train network throughout Europe(遍布欧洲的特快列车网络)。这是同义替换原则的使用。Express在其他听力题目中还有快递的含义,请注意。
  第28题:
  本题目考察的是考生真正的听力理解能力。原文:“If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, you’ll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first.”(如果你计算航班飞行时间、办理登机手续时间、往返机场时间,你会发现和坐火车比没有任何区别。如果因为天气、空中航班过多或罢工而导致飞机迟到,火车乘客会首先到达目的地。)这个长难句的意思就是说明:短途来讲,火车更有优势,更快。而选项考的就是这个分析能力。
  第29题:来源:考试大
  首先,请注意序数词系列,诸如“first、last、finally”等,向来都是听力考试中的关键词汇。它们体现的是事实的顺序,属于一种强调的用法。全文的年代词汇只有:1989、2020和1981,又由于这已经是最后一道题目了,所以综合使用顺序出题原则,当然对应最后出现的1981年。
关于六级复合式听写
  六级听写概况:
  听写共考十一题。八个单词和三个句子。每个单词得分为0.5%,每个句子得分2%。听写一共播读三遍,其中第二遍时,每个句子读完,会出现一分钟的停顿。
  六级听写能力概述:
  听写,顾名思义,既听又写,它渗透在各种形式的语言活动中,是最常用到的基本功之一。听写测试要求考生把听到的内容准确无误地以笔头的形式表达出来,虽无需考生自己遣词造句,但由于牵涉到语言(听力﹑单词拼写﹑篇章结构等)与非语言能力(如记忆力﹑速记等)提高听写能力,关键就是加强各种相关知识和技能的训练。
  1. 语言知识方面:
  首先,必须提高听力水平,熟悉英、美国家人士的说话发音的不同方式,语音语调;其次对于大纲中所列单词和短语,不仅要认知,而且会熟练拼写;这一点相当重要,很多同学在正式考试当中听出来了单词并准确定位出来意思,但是由于拼写不过关导致遗憾丢分。另外,即便拼写正确,又因为单复数、时态和大小写而丢分也很多见。
  2. 非语言能力方面:
  在做听写填空的时候,我们应当有意识的加强我们的记忆和速记能力。有时候,同学们会发现:听的内容都懂了,但由于记忆的问题或时间的问题没写下来,这是因为短时记忆力(short term memory)不够。因此在平时的训练中,应当有意识地不是以单个的词而是以意群为单位进行理解和记忆。第一遍先试图听明白注意意思,第二遍写出重点单词或者句子,第三遍完成整个练习。在短暂的停顿空间,如果时间来不及,可以选用自己熟悉的缩写形式或符号记录,等以后有时间时再复原。这种速记能力也要靠平时的多练,才能获得。

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